During a non-precision approach, what must be established before descending from MDA?

During a non-precision approach, it is essential to establish visual reference before descending from the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA). This requirement is grounded in safety protocols, as maintaining visual contact with the runway or the surrounding area allows the pilot to ensure a safe landing. The visual reference provides the pilot with the ability to visually align the aircraft with the desired flight path and to make necessary adjustments to the descent if obstacles or unexpected conditions are encountered.

In non-precision approaches, pilots are typically required to maintain a specific altitude until they have established this visual reference. Only at that point can they begin their descent to land safely, reducing the risk of flying below safe altitudes without assurance of the runway being in sight.

The remaining choices, while relevant to aviation operations, do not fulfill the critical requirement for descending from MDA in a non-precision approach. Achieving minimum visibility, for example, is essential in general flying conditions, but the immediate focus during this phase is on visual reference to the runway. Similarly, communicating with Air Traffic Control and passing the final approach fix are procedural aspects but do not serve as the necessary condition for safely descending below MDA.