When is instrument time logged for a pilot?

Instrument time is logged when a pilot is flying solely by reference to instruments. This is a critical aspect of instrument flight rules (IFR) training, as it prepares pilots to navigate and control the aircraft without relying on outside visual cues, which can be essential in poor weather conditions or at night.

Logging instrument time is important for meeting the requirements for instrument rating, as it demonstrates that the pilot has sufficient experience using instruments to operate safely in IFR conditions. This includes flying in low visibility situations where visual references to the ground or horizon are limited or unavailable.

The other options touch on different circumstances of flight but do not adequately reflect the definition of instrument time according to FAA regulations. Flying under a cloud, being in controlled airspace, or flying only at night do not inherently qualify as instrument flying, as pilots may still be using visual references in those situations.